Properties and main applications
| AISI Grade Name | Main Trademarks ® | UNS | W.Nr | Properties / main applications |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 304 | - | S30400 | 1.4301 | * One of basic grade of the austenitic Chromium-Nickel stainless steels range, with basic corrosion resistance. Not corrosion resistant in chloride containing solutions, in sulphuric acid media, salt concentrations and sea water. After welding it is not stable to intergranular corrosion. * Food and pharmaceutical processing industry, chemical, petrochemical and nuclear industry, automobile industry, urban media. |
| 304 L | - | S30403 | 1.4306 | * The low carbon version of 304, does not require post-weld annealing, more used for welded products which might be exposed to conditions which could cause intergranular corrosion in service. * Food and pharmaceutical processing industry, chemical, petrochemical and nuclear industry, automobile industry, urban media. |
| 304 H | - | S30409 | 1.4948 | * The high carbon version of 304, is more used where good mechanical properties at elevated temperatures are required. * Food and pharmaceutical processing industry, chemical, petrochemical and nuclear industry, automobile industry, urban media. |
| 321 | - | S32100 | 1.4541 | * Heat resistant stainless steel, similar to the basic 304 but stabilized by the addition of Titanium to prevent chromium carbide precipitation in the 430-820°C (800-1500°F) service conditions, improving intergranular corrosion resistance at lower temperatures. Resistant to atmospheric corrosion, sterilizing solutions, organic and inorganic chemicals, not recommended for exposure to marine environment. * Exhaust manifolds, expansion joints, high temperature chemical process equipment, film and photo industry, food industry, building industry. |
| 321 H | - | S32109 | 1.4878 | * The high carbon version of 321, provides improved high temperature strength. * Exhaust manifolds, expansion joints, high temperature chemical process equipment, film and photo industry, food industry, building industry. |
| 347 | - | S34700 | 1.455 | * Heat resistant stainless steel, similar to the basic 304 but stabilized by the addition of Niobium (Columbium) to prevent chromium carbide precipitation range from 427 to 816°C (800 to 1500°F) service conditions, improving the intergranular corrosion resistance at lower temperatures. Resistant to general corrosion in strongly oxidizing environments but not recommended for exposure to marine environments. * Aircraft collector rings, exhaust manifolds, expansion joints, high temperature chemical process equipment (production of nitric fertilizers), food processing and storaging, vehicles for transporting aggressive agents. |
| 347 H | - | S34709 | 1.4961 | * The high carbon version of 347, provides improved high temperature strength. * Aircraft collector rings, exhaust manifolds, expansion joints, high temperature chemical process equipment (production of nitric fertilizers), food processing and storaging, vehicles for transporting aggressive agents. |
| 316 | - | S31600 | 1.4401 | * One of basic grade of the austenitic Chromium-Nickel stainless steels range, second only to 304 in commercial importance. The higher molybdenum content provides greater resistance to pitting, crevice corrosion and general corrosion. * Chemical, pharmaceutical and bioprocessing industries, pulp industry, food and beverage processing industry, water treatment, heat exchangers. |
| 316 L | - | S31603 | 1.4404 | * The low carbon version of 316, immune to grain boundary carbide precipitation (sensitisation). This makes it suited to use in heavy gauge (over about 6mm) welded components and does not require post-weld annealing. More used for welded products which might be exposed to conditions which could cause intergranular corrosion in service. * Chemical, pharmaceutical and bioprocessing industries, pulp industry, food and beverage processing industry, water treatment, heat exchangers. |
| 316LS 316L mod | 316 L Mod Urea | S31603 | 1.4435 | * It is a 316L modified stainless steel with extra-low silicon content and substantial higher molybdenum contents. * It has been specially developed for Urea plant applications. |
| 316 H | - | S31609 | 1.4919 | * The high carbon version of 316, provides improved high temperature strength. * Chemical, pharmaceutical and bioprocessing industries, pulp industry, food and beverage processing industry, water treatment, heat exchangers. |
| 316 Ti | - | S31635 | 1.4571 | * It is a Titanium stabilized version of Type 316, for elevated temperature applications. A small amount of Titanium stabilise the structure of the 316 against chromium carbide precipitation at temperatures over 800°C. This prevents carbide precipitation at the grain boundaries and protects the metal from corrosion. The main advantage of 316Ti is that it can be held at higher temperatures for a longer period without sensitisation (precipitation) occurring. * Chemical, petrochemical, pharmaceutical, textile, cellulose and water management industry, rail and road containers and tanks. |
| 317 L | - | S31703 | 1.4438 | * Compared to 316L, the increased levels of molybdenum improve the resistance to chloride pitting, sulphuric- bearing gas and acid corrosion with greatly increased resistance to chemical attack. * Pulp and paper mills, chemical and petrochemical process industries, food and beverage industry, oil and gas industry, chemical tankers, pollution control equipments, acidic effluents. |
| 317 LN | - | S31753 | 1.4434 | * Compared to 317L, a nitrogen additions increases the yield strength and improves structure stability, pitting and crevice corrosion resistance, especially in process streams containing acids, chlorides and sulphur compounds at elevated temperatures. Nitrogen additions and a low silicon content have a stabilizing effect on austenitic structure reducing the precipitation of intermetallic phases during welding. * Pulp and paper mills, chemical and petrochemical process industries, food and beverage industry, oil and gas industry, chemical tankers, pollution control equipments, acidic effluents. |
| 317 LNM | - | S31726 | 1.4439 | *The high Molybdenum content gives this steel a higher resistance to corrosion in chloride containing environments than standard grades. * Pulp and paper mills, chemical and petrochemical process industries, food and beverage industry, oil and gas industry, chemical tankers, pollution control equipments, acidic effluents. |
| 309 | - | S30900 | 1.4828 | * The high chromium provides comparable corrosion resistance and superior resistance to oxidation than the common austenitic stainless steel like type 304. Typically used for elevated temperature applications up to 1000 °C (1830°F) in sulphur containing atmospheres, where special emphasis is placed on mechanical properties. Utilisation in the temperature range 600-900°C can lead to embrittlement of the material. * Furnace components, high temperature containers, chemical process industry (hot acids, ammonia and sulphur dioxide), food industry (hot acetic and citric acid). |
| 309 S | - | S30908 | 1.4833 | * The low carbon version of 309, is utilized for ease of welding. * Furnace components, high temperature containers, chemical process industry (hot acids, ammonia and sulphur dioxide), food industry (hot acetic and citric acid). |
| 310 S | - | S31008 | 1.4845 | * Similar to 309S but with higher chromium and nickel contents, typically used for elevated temperature applications up to 1100 °C (2010°F) in oxidizing atmospheres * Furnace parts, high temperature containers, chemical process industry (hot acids, ammonia and sulphur dioxide), food industry (hot acetic and citric acid), pyrometallurgy (smelter and steel melting equipments, rollers for continuous casting equipments) |
| 310 MoLN | 25.22.2 Urea | S31050 | 1.4466 | * It is a 310L modified austenitic stainless steel with low carbon, low silicon and high nitrogen additions in order to stabilize and strengthen the austenitic phase. * The chemical composition has been optimised for specific uses in Urea plants. |
| 310 L NAG | URANUS 65 | S31002 | 1.4335 | *A sharp control of Carbon, Silicon, Molybdenum and Phosphorus contents makes a more stable austenite microstructure, free of intermetallic or carbide precipitations. *The alloy is designed for nitric acid applications (not concentrated). |
| 330 | Incoloy 330 | N08330 | 1.4864 | * A nickel-iron-chromium alloy with an addition of silicon, developed to provide good strength at high temperatures (about 1150°C/2100°F), excellent resistance to thermal shock and carburizing or oxidizing atmospheres. * Furnace components (fans, muffles, retorts, boxes and baskets, combustion tubes), gas turbine components, flare tips, heat exchangers. |
| S1 | URANUS S A610 | S30600 | 1.4361 | * Austenitic chromium-nickel-silicon steel with extra low carbon content. High corrosion resistance against highly concentrated nitric acid (80 – 99,5%) or nitric acid with additions of strong oxidiser. Resistant to intergranular corrosion up to 350 °C. * Components in the chemical industry, heat exchanger, columns and acid refrigerators, application temperature from -50°C up to 350°C (for transport and storage tanks max. 200°C). |
| 904 L | URANUS B6 2RK65 | N08904 | 1.4539 | * Multipurpose austenitic stainless steel with high molybdenum content, combined with high nickel content, addition of copper and extremely low carbon content. Excellent stability against pitting corrosion, stress corrosion and intergranular corrosion, is particularly used in sulphuric and phosphoric acids applications. * Phosphoric acid, fertilizers, phosphate industries, sulphuric acid solutions and hydrometallurgy, saline solutions, sour gas applications, pollution control equipments, chemical plants (medium to severe conditions). |
| 926 – 6Mo | - | N08926 | 1.4529 | * Super-austenitic stainless steel grade with a 0.2 % nitrogen addition, particularly designed for high structural stability and high corrosion resistance properties. The alloy behaves particularly well in sulphuric acid solutions and is well adapted for pollution control equipments. The alloy is also seawater resistant and has extensively been used in offshore industry. * Natural and treated seawater systems (desalination plants), pollution control (scrubbers, flue gas desulphurisation, absorbers, ducts), bleaching equipment for pulp and paper industries, fertilizer industries (phosphoric acid production), chemical industries (chloride containing media, phosphoric acid, sulphuric acid). |
| 6 Mo | URANUS 254 254SMO | S31254 | 1.4547 | * Super-austenitic stainless steel grade, PREN>=42 (Note a), with 0.2 % nitrogen additions. Used in many corrosive solutions encountered for example in chemical and petrochemical processes or chloride containing solutions. The alloy is also seawater resistant and has extensively been used in offshore industries. * Natural and treated seawater systems (desalination plants), pollution control (smelters, ductings, chimneys), bleaching equipment for pulp and paper industries (washers), chemical industries (chloride containing media ; phosphoric acid, sulphuric acid, fine chemical production. |
| 6 Mo | AL6XN | N08367 | - | * Super-austenitic stainless steel, is a 6 moly alloy, has high nickel, molybdenum, nitrogen and chromium contents. Designed to be resistant to seawater and to a broad range of very corrosive environments (chloride pitting, crevice corrosion and stress corrosion cracking). * Chemical process tanks and pipelines, offshore, oil and gas platforms, condensers, heat exchangers and piping containing seawater or crude oil, filter washers, bleaching equipment for pulp and paper industries, power plant flue gas scrubber environments, tall oil distillation columns, desalination equipment and pumps, service water piping systems for nuclear power plants, pharmaceutical equipment (for product purity), food processing equipment. |
| - | 253MA | S30815 | 1.4835 | * It is a variant of 1.4828, alloyed with nitrogen, silicon and rare earth metals (Cerium, Lanthane,...). Excellent oxidation resistance, very good resistance to high temperature 700– 1150 ºC (1230-2100°F) and to corrosion in oxidizing and neutral environments as well as sulphur attack, good resistance to embrittlement. The excellent mechanical strength at high temperatures allows higher loads or thinner wall thickness than common high temperature steels. When used between 600 and 850°C can lead to reduced impact toughness at room temperature. * Heat exchangers components in processes for exhaust system, furnace rolls, furnaces for drying, heat recovery, hydrocarbon gases, painting, flue gas and synthetic graphite, production of Aluminium Sulphate, production of mineral wool, pyrometers, waste combustion. |
| Alloy 28 | URANUS 28 SANICRO 28 | N08028 | 1.4563 | * Super-austenitic stainless steel with very high nickel and chromium contents. The alloy has very good corrosion resistance for general purposes. It behaves particularly well in sulphuric and phosphoric acid environments, even when contaminated by chlorides and fluorides. The high nickel content improves its stress corrosion cracking resistance. The combined chromium and molybdenum additions contribute to increase drastically the localized corrosion resistance. The alloy behaves much better than alloy 825 and could be considered in some applications (sour gas) to replace the more expensive 625 grade. * Chemical and offshore applications including sour gas fields, production and use of vinyl chlorides, acetic acid, sulphuric acid and superphosphoric acid, reactors tanks, agitators ,impellers, piping systems, cyclone evaporators, surface coolers, circulation pumps, agitators, tubes for heat exchangers. |
| Alloy 31 | - | N08031 | 1.4562 | * Super-austenitic stainless steel with very high contents of nickel, chromium and molybdenum and nitrogen addition. The alloy is designed to give properties in-between super-austenitic and nickel alloys for very demanding applications from the corrosion aspect. excellent resistance to localized corrosion and stress corrosion cracking. The overall performance of the alloy is better than 825 and could be considered for replacing alloy 625 in sour gas service. * Chemical and petrochemical industries, oil and gas production (sour gas applications, separators), flue gas cleaning systems, bleaching stages for pulp production, equipment on offshore platforms in marine atmospheres |
| Alloy 33 | - | R20033 | 1.4591 | * Austenitic stainless steel with excellent resistance to general and local corrosion by both acid and alkaline media, in hot mineral acids and chloride-containing solutions.. * Heat exchanger, vessels, equipment for sulphuric acid production plant, nitric-hydrofluoric acid pickling plant, seawater systems, evaporation plant for salts and alkalis. |
| Lean Duplex 2101 | LDX 2101 | S32101 | 1.4162 | * The base of the Duplex (austenitic-ferritic) stainless steel with PREN ≥ 24 (Note a). The advantage of a duplex structure is that it combines the favorable qualities of a ferritic alloy (stress corrosion cracking resistance and high strength) with those of an austenitic alloy (ease of fabrication and corrosion resistance). The 2101 grade has high mechanical strength, similar to that of other duplex grades (about twice that of austenitic stainless steels) and good corrosion resistance (generally better than 304L and comparable to 316L). Due to its relatively low alloying content, it is less prone to precipitation of intermetallic phases than other duplex steels. It an excellent candidate to replace 300 series stainless in a wide variety of applications. * Chemical process plants (transport and storage), building and construction (reinforcement bars), water piping, oil and gas exploration, gas refining, marine environments, air pollution control equipment, pulp & paper manufacturing. |
| Duplex 2304 | URANUS 2304 | S32304 | 1.4362 | * Duplex (austenitic-ferritic) stainless steel with PREN ≥ 24 (Note a). The alloy has improved stress corrosion resistance properties compared to 304 and 316 austenitic grades and it is particularly suitable for applications covering the - 50°C/+300°C (-60°F/570°F) temperature range. Generally employed where 304L and 316L are used. * Pulp and paper industry, caustic solutions, organic acids (SCC resistance), food industry, safety panels (high mechanical properties), pressure vessels (weight savings), mining (abrasion/corrosion). |
| Duplex 2205 | SAF 2205 URANUS 45N | S32205 S31803 | 1.4462 | * The most widely used grade in the duplex family with PREN ≥ 35 (Note a). It is a nitrogen alloyed austenitic-ferritic stainless steel with improved structure stability and high general, localised and stress corrosion resistance properties. It performs much better than 316L grade in almost all corrosive media. Typical operation temperatures are -50°C/+ 280°C (-60°F/+540°F). Lower temperatures uses could be considered but require additional precautions for welded structures. I* Pollution control equipments, chemical industry (reactor vessels...), Urea Production, acetic acid distillation towers, phosphoric acid plants (reactors), sulphuric acid processes (hydrometallurgy), pulp and paper industry, marine environments, brackish water, bleaching operations, closed loop water systems, food processing applications, oil and gas industry including sour gas applications |
| Superduplex 2507 | SAF 2507 URANUS 47N | S32750 | 1.441 | * A Superduplex stainless steel with PREN ≥ 40 (Note a) It has a very high resistance to localized corrosion in chloride media, stress corrosion cracking, pitting and crevice corrosion, combined with a high mechanical strength. The corrosion resistance is better than 904L and comparable to 6Mo austenitics. Often a light gauge of 2507 material can be used to achieve the same design strength of a thicker nickel alloy. Usage of Duplex 2507 should be limited to applications below 300°C (600° F). Extended elevated temperature exposure can reduce both the toughness and corrosion resistance of alloy 2507. * Seawater systems and applications (subsea manifolds and pipework, diving spheres), oil and gas Industry including sour gas applications, petrochemical industry, pulp and paper industry (digesters, bleaching equipments), chemical industry including organic acid applications, phosphoric acid plants, truck-lorries multipurpose containers, subsea manifolds and pipework. |
| Superduplex | ZERON 100 | S32760 | 1.4501 | * A Superduplex stainless steels, very similar to 2507, with PREN ≥ 40 (Note a). Both alloys have very similar corrosion resistance in strong mineral acids and both alloys have the same limiting application temperatures. This Superduplex contains slightly more copper and tungsten. The copper content permits excellent resistance to corrosion in many nonoxidizing and mineral acids like hydrochloric and sulphuric acid. No difference in seawater and other neutral environments. * Seawater systems and applications (subsea manifolds and pipework, diving spheres), oil and gas Industry including sour gas applications, petrochemical industry including PVC strippers, pulp and paper industry (digesters, bleaching equipments), chemical industry including organic acid applications, sulphuric and phosphoric acid plants, trucklorries multipurpose containers. |
| Superduplex | URANUS 52 N | S32550 S32520 | 1.4507 | * A Superduplex stainless with PREN ≥ 40 (Note a). A copper addition increases the corrosion resistance properties, particularly in sulphuric acid media. * Seawater systems and applications (subsea manifolds and pipework, diving spheres), oil and gas Industry including sour gas applications, petrochemical industry including PVC strippers, pulp and paper industry (digesters, bleaching equipments), chemical industry including organic acid applications, sulfuric and phosphoric acid plants, trucklorries multipurpose containers. |